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Conjunctivitis

Definition

Conjunctivitis is swelling (inflammation) or infection of the membrane lining the eyelids (conjunctiva).

Alternative Names

Inflammation - conjunctiva; Pink eye

Causes

The conjunctiva is exposed to bacteria and other irritants. Tears help protect the conjunctiva by washing away bacteria. Tears also contain enzymes and antibodies that kill bacteria.

There are many causes of conjunctivitis. Viruses are the most common cause. Other causes include:

Allergies (allergic conjunctivitis)
Bacteria
Certain diseases
Chemical exposure
Chlamydia
Fungi
Parasites (rarely)
Use of contact lenses (especially extended-wear lenses)

"Pink eye" refers to a viral infection of the conjunctiva. These infections are especially contagious among children.

Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. This condition is called ophthalmia neonatorum, and it must be treated immediately to preserve eyesight.

Symptoms

Blurred vision
Crusts that form on the eyelid overnight
Eye pain
Gritty feeling in the eyes
Increased tearing
Itching of the eye
Redness in the eyes
Sensitivity to light

Exams and Tests

Examination of the eyes
Swab of conjunctiva for analysis

Treatment

This version of the Encyclopedia has no treatment information. Please discuss any and all treatment options for your condition with your healthcare professional.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The outcome is usually good with treatment.

Possible Complications

Reinfection within a household or school may occur if you don't follow preventive measures.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your symptoms last longer than 3 or 4 days.

Prevention

Good hygiene can help prevent the spread of conjunctivitis:

Change pillowcases frequently.
Do not share eye cosmetics.
Do not share towels or handkerchiefs.
Handle and clean contact lenses properly.
Keep hands away from the eye.
Replace eye cosmetics regularly.
Wash your hands often.

References

Wirbelauer C. Management of the red eye for the primary care. American Journal of Medicine. 2006;119:302-306.

Mueller JB, McStay CM. Ocular infection and inflammation. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008.26:57-72.

Rubenstein JB, Jick SL. Disorders of the conjunctiva and limbus. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, Augsburger JJ, et al, eds. Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2004: chap 55.

Review Date: 11/10/2008
Reviewed By: Linda Vorvick, MD, Family Physician, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

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