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Atelectasis is the collapse of part or all of a lung.

See also: Pneumothorax

Partial lung collapse

Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung.

Risk factors for developing atelectasis include:

• Anesthesia
• Foreign object in the airway (most common in children)
• Lung diseases
• Mucus that plugs the airway
• Pressure on the lung caused by buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs
• Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position
• Shallow breathing
• Tumors that obstruct the airway may lead to atelectasis

• Breathing difficulty
• Chest pain
• Cough

• Bronchoscopy
• Chest x-ray

In an adult, atelectasis in a small area of the lung is usually not life threatening. The rest of the lung can make up for the collapsed area, bringing in enough oxygen for the body to function.

Large atelectases may be life threatening, especially in a baby or small child, or someone who has another lung disease or illness.

The collapsed lung usually reinflates gradually once the obstruction has been removed. However, some scarring or damage may remain.

Pneumonia may develop rapidly after atelectasis.

Massive atelectasis may result in the complete collapse of a lung.

Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of atelectasis.

• Encourage movement and deep breathing in anyone who is bedridden for long periods.
• Keep small objects out of the reach of young children.
• Maintain deep breathing after anesthesia.

Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Murray JF, Nadel JA. Mason, Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa:Saunders; 2005.

Westerdahl E, Lindmark B, Eriksson T, Friberg O, Hedenstierna G, Tenling A. Deep-breathing exercises reduce atelectasis and improve pulmonary function after coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. November 2005;128:3482-3488.