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Bacterial gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by bacteria.

See also:

• Food poisoning
• Shigella gastroenteritis
• Viral gastroenteritis

Infectious diarrhea - bacterial gastroenteritis; Acute gastroenteritis; Gastroenteritis - bacterial

Many different types of bacteria can produce the symptoms associated with bacterial gastroenteritis, including:

• Campylobacter jejuni (see: Campylobacter enteritis)
• Clostridium
• E. coli (see: E. coli enteritis)
• Salmonella (see: Salmonella enteritis)
• Shigella (see: Shigella enteritis)
• Staphylococcus
• Yersinia

Some sources of the infection are:

• Bakery products
• Dairy products
• Improperly prepared food
• Reheated meat dishes
• Seafood

Risk factors are:

• Eating or drinking improperly prepared foods or contaminated water
• Traveling or living in areas of poor sanitation

About 1 in 1,000 people develop bacterial gastroenteritis each year.

Each organism causes slightly different symptoms but all result in diarrhea. Other symptoms include:

• Abdominal cramps
• Abdominal pain
• Bloody stools
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting

• Examination of food for bacteria
• Stool culture positive for the bacteria that causes the infection
• White blood cells in the stool

This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:

• Fecal smear
• Stool gram stain

In most cases, symptoms improve with fluid and electrolyte replacement within a week. Rare cases of kidney failure or death related to bacteria gastroenteritis have been reported.

There have been increasing incidents of local outbreaks of severe infection with certain strains of E. coli bacteria. These outbreaks can be dangerous, especially to the elderly or very young children.

• Arthritis
• Death (rare)
• Dehydration
• Kidney failure (rare)
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Low blood counts (anemia)
• Systemic (body-wide) infection

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:

• You have blood or pus in your stools, or your stool is black
• You have abdominal pain that does not go away after a bowel movement
• You have symptoms of dehydration
• You have a fever above 101 °F, or your child has a fever above 100.4 °F, along with diarrhea
• You have recently traveled to a foreign country and develop diarrhea
• You develop diarrhea after eating with other people who also have diarrhea
• You have started on a new medication and develop diarrhea
• Your diarrhea does not get better in 5 days (2 days for an infant or child), or worsens before that
• Your child has been vomiting for more than 12 hours (in a newborn under 3 months you should call as soon as vomiting or diarrhea begins)

Proper handling, storage, and preparation of food -- in addition to good sanitation -- are principles of prevention.

Zulfiqar AB. Acute Gastroenteritis in Children. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. Chap: 337.