Resource Library

Dry eye syndrome is when the tear glands produce fewer tears.

See also:

• Conjunctivitis
• Decreased tearing
• Sjogren syndrome
• Vitamin A deficiency

Keratitis sicca; Xerophthalmia; Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Dry eye syndrome often occurs in people who are otherwise healthy. It is more common with older age, because you produce fewer tears with age.

In rare cases, it can be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and other similar diseases. It may also be caused by heat (thermal) or chemical burns.

In areas of the world where malnutrition is common, vitamin A deficiency is a cause. This is rare in the United States.

Signs include:

• Reduced visual acuity
• Thick cornea

Tests may include:

• Slit lamp (biomicroscope) exam of the film of tears (a dye such as fluorescein may be placed in the eye to make the tear film more visible)
• Schirmer's test -- measures the rate of tear production using a calibrated paper wick placed on the edge of the eyelid

Most patients with dry eye have only discomfort, and no vision loss. With severe cases, the clear window on the front of the eye (cornea) may become damaged or infected.

Ulcers or infections of the cornea are serious complications.

See your health care provider immediately if you have dry eyes and have:

• A sudden increase in discomfort or redness
• A sudden decrease in vision

There is no way to prevent dry eye syndrome. You can prevent complications by using wetting and lubricating drops and ointments.