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Interstitial cystitis

Definition

Interstitial cystitis is a long-term (chronic) inflammation of the bladder wall.

Alternative Names

Cystitis - interstitial; IC

Causes

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a painful condition due to inflammation of the tissues of the bladder wall. The cause is unknown. The condition is usually diagnosed by ruling out other conditions (such as sexually transmitted disease, bladder cancer, and bladder infections).

IC is frequently misdiagnosed as a urinary tract infection. Patients often go years without a correct diagnosis. On average, there is about a 4-year delay between the time the first symptoms occur and the diagnosis is made.

The condition generally occurs around age 30 to 40, although it has been reported in younger people. Women are 10 times more likely to have IC than men.

Symptoms

Pain during intercourse
Pelvic pain
Urinary discomfort
Urinary frequency (up to 60 times a day in severe cases)
Urinary urgency

Exams and Tests

Diagnosis is made by ruling out other causes. Tests include:

Bladder biopsy
Cystoscopy (endoscopy of bladder)
Urine analysis
Urine culture
Urine cytology
Video urodynamics (shows how much urine must be in the bladder before you feel the need to urinate)

Treatment

This version of the Encyclopedia has no treatment information. Please discuss any and all treatment options for your condition with your healthcare professional.

Support Groups

For additional information and support, see interstitial cystitis support groups.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Treatment results vary. Some people respond well to simple treatments and dietary changes. Others may require extensive treatments or surgery.

Possible Complications

Chronic depression
Chronic pain that may cause a change in lifestyle
Emotional trauma
High costs associated with frequent medical visits
Side effects of treatments (depending on the treatment)

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of interstitial cystitis. Be sure to mention that you suspect this disorder. It is not well recognized or easily diagnosed.

References

Hanno PM. Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis and related disorders. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 10.

Moldwin RM, Evans RJ, Stanford EJ, Rosenberg MT. Rational approaches to the treatment of patients with interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2007;69:73-81.

Review Date: 5/22/2008
Reviewed By: Scott M. Gilbert, MD, Department of Urology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

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