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Pubic lice are small, six-legged creatures that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs. These lice can also be found in armpit hair and eyebrows.

Pediculosis - pubic lice; Lice - pubic; Crabs

Pubic lice are known as Phthirus pubis. Lice infestation is found mostly in adolescents.

Transmission generally occurs during sexual activity. However, it also can occur through physical contact with contaminated objects such as toilet seats, sheets, and blankets. Some women have gotten pubic lice while trying on bathing suits at a store.

Other types of lice include:

• Body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis)
• Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)

Risk factors include:

• Being a sexually-active adolescent
• Having multiple sexual partners
• Having sexual contact with an infected person
• Sharing bedding or clothing with an infected person

• Eggs (nits) or actual adult lice may be seen
• Itching in area covered by pubic hair (often gets worse at night)
• Skin reaction that is bluish-gray in color
• Sores (lesions) in the genital area due to bites and scratching

An examination of the outer genital area typically reveals small gray-white oval eggs (nits) attached to the hair shaft. It may also reveal adult lice. The health care provider might also see scratch marks or signs of an infection such as impetigo.

Because pubic lice may cause an eye infection (blepharitis) in young children, their eyelashes should be examined with a high-powered magnifying glass for evidence of lice.

Adult lice may be easily identified under the microscope. Their crab-like appearance is the reason that pubic lice are referred to as "the crabs."

The proper treatment, including thorough cleaning, should get rid of the lice.

The constant scratching and digging can cause the skin to become raw, and secondary infections may develop.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:

• You or your sexual partner has symptoms of pubic lice
• You try over-the-counter lice treatments and they are not effective
• Your symptoms continue after treatment

Avoid sexual or intimate contact with infected people. If you are sexually active, use safe sex practices to avoid getting lice.

Good personal hygiene is always recommended. If possible, avoid trying on bathing suits while you are shopping. However, if you must try them on, be sure to wear your underwear. This may prevent transmission.

Jacobson CC, Abel AA. Parasitic infestations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:1026-1043.