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ECHO virus

Definition

Enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) viruses are a group of viruses that usually take the form of gastrointestinal infection and skin rashes.

Alternative Names

Nonpolio enterovirus infection

Causes

ECHO virus infections are common.

Serious infections with ECHO viruses are less common, but can be significant. As many as one out of five cases of the brain infection aseptic meningitis is thought to be caused by an ECHO virus.

Symptoms

ECHO viruses cause a wide variety of conditions. Symptoms depend on the type of disease:

Aseptic meningitis
Croup
Encephalitis
Mouth sores (herpangina)
Myocarditis
Pericarditis
Pneumonia
Skin rashes
Upper respiratory infection
Viral pharyngitis

Exams and Tests

ECHO virus can be identified from:

Treatment

This version of the Encyclopedia has no treatment information. Please discuss any and all treatment options for your condition with your healthcare professional.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Complete recovery without treatment is expected in patients who have the less severe types of illness. Infections of organs such as the heart (pericarditis and myocarditis) may cause severe disease and can be fatal.

Possible Complications

Complications vary with the site and type of infection. Myocarditis and pericarditis may be fatal while other types of infection improve on their own.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of any of the diseases listed above.

Prevention

No specific preventive measures are available for ECHO virus infections other than hand-washing, especially when you are in contact with sick people. Currently, no vaccines are available.

References

Modin JF. Coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005: chap 169.

Abzug MJ. Nonpolio enteroviruses. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 247.

Review Date: 9/28/2008
Reviewed By: Linda Vorvick, MD, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, PhD, MD, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

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