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knee (ne) the area around the knee joint, a hinge joint that is one of the largest joints of the body and sustains great pressure. The knee includes the upper portion of the tibia, the lower end of the femur, and the patella, or kneecap. The bones are joined by ligaments, and the patella is secured to the adjacent bones by powerful tendons. At the side of the knee, the fibula attaches to the tibia. Two crescent-shaped pads of cartilage called menisci, one medial and one lateral, lie on top of the tibia, cushion it from the femur, and form the gliding surfaces of the joint in motion. Further cushioning is supplied by bursae located around the main joint, between it and the patella, as well as on the outside of the patella. A capsule of ligaments binds the whole assembly together, lined with synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating synovial fluid to permit a smooth, gliding motion.

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