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degrees of freedom(df)
the number of ways that the members of a sample can vary independently. For example, if a sample contains n scores and the sum of those scores is known, n − 1 scores are free to vary; the nth score, however, is not free to vary but is determined by the values of the other scores and the established sum of the
scores. In this example, the degrees of freedom equal the sample size minus 1 (df = n − 1).
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