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lactic acid a substance involved in many biochemical processes in the body; it is the end product of glycolysis, which provides energy anaerobically in skeletal muscle during heavy exercise, and it can be oxidized aerobically in the heart for energy production or can be converted back to glucose by the liver in the process known as gluconeogenesis. Moderate increases of it in the blood are seen during heavy exercise; severe increases (known as lactic acidosis) can occur in diabetes mellitus or genetic deficiencies of any of the enzymes that should change lactic acid to glucose.
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