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transfer RNA(tRNA) a type of RNA that brings about the transfer of specific amino acid molecules to growing polypeptide chains during the synthesis of proteins. Each of the 20 common amino acids found in protein molecules has a corresponding type of transfer RNA. Thus, a specific tRNA carries the appropriate amino acid to its appropriate place in the chain of the protein molecule being synthesized.
Schematic diagram of features common to transfer RNA molecules, depicting the anticodon and amino acid attachment regions. Dotted lines between chains represent hydrogen-bonded base pairs. The characteristic cloverleaf is formed by the hairpin and loop structures that result from hydrogen bonding within the chain.
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