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shoulder
(shōl´dәr)
the area around the glenohumeral joint, the large ball-and-socket joint where the humerus joins the scapula. The smooth, rounded head of the humerus rests against the socket in the scapula. The joint is covered by a tough, flexible
protective capsule and has numerous reinforcing ligaments that stretch across it. The ends of the bones where they meet at
the joint are covered with a layer of cartilage that reduces friction and absorbs shock. A thin membrane, the synovial membrane,
lines the socket and lubricates the joint with synovia. Further cushioning and lubrication are provided by fluid-filled sacs
called bursae.
frozen shoulder
popular but misleading name for adhesive capsulitis.

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