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sinusitis (si″nәs-I´tis) inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses; seen most often during an upper respiratory tract infection when infection in the nose spreads to the sinuses, such as with a lot of strong blowing of the nose. It also may be a complication of tooth infection, allergy, or an infectious disease such as pneumonia or measles. Other causes include air pollution, diving, underwater swimming, sudden extremes of temperature, and structural defects of the nose such as deviated septum. As the mucous membranes of the sinus become inflamed and swollen, the opening between the sinus and the nasal passages becomes partly or completely blocked. Mucus then accumulates in the sealed-off sinus and causes pressure on its walls, resulting in discomfort, fever, pain, and difficult breathing.

ethmoid sinusitis inflammation of an ethmoidal air cell (ethmoid sinus); called also ethmoiditis.

maxillary sinusitis inflammation of a maxillary sinus; called also antritis.

sphenoid sinusitis inflammation of a sphenoid sinus; called also sphenoiditis.

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