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paraplegia (par″ә-ple´jә) impairment or loss of motor or sensory function in areas of the body served by the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spinal nerves and their branches, because of damage to the lower parts of the spinal column. The lower limbs are the most affected, and may be paralyzed; the trunk and internal organs may or may not be affected; and the upper limbs are not affected.

hereditary spastic paraplegia any of a group of hereditary disorders consisting of gradually developing paralysis in one, two, or all four limbs, with spasticity. There is degeneration of corticospinal tracts but sensory abnormalities are not present.

spastic paraplegia any of a group of diseases marked by spasticity of the muscles of the paralyzed part and increased tendon reflexes, due to damage to the corticospinal tract. Most varieties are hereditary (see hereditary spastic paraplegia), but a type called Little disease is caused by birth injury or intrauterine conditions. This is commonly seen in cerebral palsy. Called also spastic diplegia.

syphilitic paraplegia Erb spastic paraplegia.

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