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relapsing fever  either of two similar infectious diseases caused by infection with species of Borrelia.Louse-borne relapsing fever is spread between humans by contamination from secretions of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, and can occur in epidemics wherever people are living in crowded, unsanitary conditions. Tick-borne relapsing fever is spread to humans from other mammals by the bites of ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, and is endemic in areas of the world, including North America, where the ticks are found. Both types of relapsing fever are marked by alternating periods of high fever (40°C) followed by several days of normal temperature and then a return (relapse) of the fever. Other symptoms include chills, headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes jaundice or a rash. Called also recurrent fever.




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