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circumcision (sur″kәm-sizh´әn) the removal of all or part of the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis in males; see also female circumcision.

female circumcision a general term covering both excision of a small portion of the external female genitalia (see Sunna circumcision) and extreme practices with infibulation (see pharaonic circumcision). It is done in numerous different cultures, such as in Africa and the Middle East. Some forms are associated with severe health risks and have been condemned by the World Health Organization.

pharaonic circumcision a type of female circumcision; there are two different types: a radical form in which the clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora are removed and the remaining tissues are joined by clips or sutures (see infibulation), and a modified form in which only the prepuce and glans of the clitoris and the adjacent labia minora are removed.

Sunna circumcision a form of female circumcision in which only the prepuce of the clitoris is removed.

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