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stomach (stum´әk) the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal (see digestive system) and lies between the esophagus and the small intestine. The wall of the stomach consists of four layers, including mucous and muscular ones. Its muscles allow the stomach to expand when food enters it and contract after the food has passed into the intestine. The mucous membrane lining the stomach contains numerous glands called the gastric glands; their secretion, gastric juice, contains enzymes, mucin, and hydrochloric acid for breakdown and digestion of food. When food enters the stomach, the muscles contract in rhythm and their combined action sends a series of wavelike contractions from the upper end of the stomach to the lower end. These contractions, known as peristalsis, mix the partially digested food with the stomach secretions and ingested liquid until it has the consistency of a thick soup; the contractions then push it gradually by small spurts into the small intestine. Called also gaster. adj., gas´tric., adj.

cascade stomach an atypical form of hourglass stomach, characterized radiologically by a drawing up of the posterior wall; an opaque medium first fills the upper sac and then cascades into the lower sac.

hourglass stomach a stomach completely divided into two parts, resembling an hourglass in shape, due to scarring which complicates chronic gastric ulcer.

Hourglass stomach.

Hourglass stomach.

leather bottle stomach linitis plastica.

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