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Glossary Exopthalmos: Bulging of the eyes that may occur in people with Graves' disease. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: A test that uses a needle to collect cells from the thyroid gland. These cells are then examined with a microscope. Goiter: An enlarged thyroid gland, often resulting in a visible neck lump. Graves' disease: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: The most common cause of hypothyroidism. Hormone: A chemical produced by the body that travels through the bloodstream and carries messages to different parts of the body. Thyroid hormone carries messages from the thyroid. Hyperthyroidism: When the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism: When the thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone. Iodine: What the thyroid uses to make thyroid hormone. Nodule: A lump. Thyroid nodules can be single or multiple. Parathyroid glands: Four small glands behind the thyroid. They produce a hormone that controls the amount of calcium in the bloodstream. Pituitary gland: A small gland at the base of the brain. It controls the amount of thyroid hormone made by the thyroid gland. Radioiodine ablation: A treatment that uses radioactive iodine to destroy overactive or cancerous thyroid tissue. Radioiodine uptake test: A test that uses a small amount of mildly radioactive iodine to measure how much iodine the thyroid absorbs. Thyroid scan: A test that uses a small amount of a mildly radioactive substance to create an image of the thyroid gland. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): A hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It tells the thyroid gland to make more thyroid hormone. Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of some or all of the thyroid gland. Ultrasound exam: A test that uses harmless sound waves to take a picture of the thyroid gland.
 Consultant: Allan Siperstein, MD, Endocrine Surgery With contributions by: Orlo H. Clark, MD, Endocrine Surgery Quan-Yang Duh, MD, Endocrine Surgery Kevin B. Imhof, DO, Otolaryngology Keith Millette, MD, Family Practice Leonard Wartofsky, MD, MACP, Endocrinology 1592/0103 |
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